YOU WILL LEARN HOW TO:

• Perform the design of substation earthing so as to ensure safety of personnel and equipment under all conditions
• Design appropriate protection against the direct and indirect effects of lightning strikes on substations and the incoming/outgoing overhead lines
• Select and apply appropriate power system protection to protect equipment and personnel from abnormal system conditions including short circuits and earth faults
• Determine the auxiliary power requirements and perform sizing calculations for the battery backup of essential dc power supply
• Understand the requirements for site preparation, foundations, structures, cable trenches and draining arrangements to effectively coordinate with design teams of related disciplines
• Select and apply gas insulated switchgear if outdoor type HV substations cannot be used due to any site-related constraints and adjust the other design elements to suit this option

MODULE 1: EARTHING SYSTEM OF SWITCHYARDS

• Basics of functional and protective earthing

• Touch and step voltages in substations

• Design of earth grid-basic considerations in conductor sizing and mesh spacing

• Safety mesh at operating points

• Role of gravel layer in safety

• Transferred voltage hazards and planning isolation of outgoing services to avoid transfer voltage

MODULE 2: EXAMPLE OF SWITCHYARD EARTHING SYSTEM DESIGN

• Based on the layout and data of a given HV switchyard:

• Perform earthing calculations including sizing of earthing conductors

• Calculate the earth mesh size for the switchyard

• Develop a layout for the mesh and show the other connections required to avoid transferred voltages

• Show the size of safety mesh to be provided and the operating points on the layout

• Draw up the installation specification for the earthing system

MODULE 3: LIGHTNING PROTECTION OF SWITCHYARDS

• Basics of lightning and hazards

• Role of shield wire and lightning masts

• Typical configurations of lightning protection of switchyards

• Analysis of hazard using cone of protection and rolling sphere methods

• Selection of lightning arrestors-Types, class and ratings

MODULE 4: EXAMPLE OF SWITCHYARD LIGHTNING AND SURGE PROTECTION DESIGN

• Design the lightning protection of a typical HV switchyard based on a given layout and analyse the adequacy of protection

• Locate and select surge protection (lightning arrestors) of the above HV switchyard

MODULE 5: PROTECTION DESIGN FOR SUBSTATION

• Brief overview of protection

• Over current protection

• Current transformers requirements for protection

• Protection relays

• IEDs and communication options

• Protection coordination